Rainbow | | | | | |
| | | | | | |  Automatic translation | | | | | What is the rainbow? | | | | category : ecology | 
| | | | | The rainbow is a natural light phenomenon which gives us the spectrum In physics, the spectrum is the set of radiation emitted by a source representing the radiation depending on their wavelength. For example, the solar spectrum is composed of all the colors of the rainbow sky, the spectrum of a sound source is the set of changes made noise. The electromagnetic spectrum is the decomposition of electromagnetic radiation into its components in terms of associated frequencies. of light reflection in water droplets suspended in the air, like clouds for example.
This arch appears as a composition of colors, including red is outside the arc and violet on the inside, between these two colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple.
All drops illuminated by the sun appear colored an observer who is in a corner "sun-drop-eye about 42 °.
When the sun is low on the horizon, over the rainbow rises into the sky and vice versa.
When the sun passes over the 41 ° to the horizon, the rainbow sky is visible, which explains why the arcs in the sky are visible only in the morning or evening, an observer who is at sea level | | Sometimes, when the rainbow skies are bright, there is a secondary arc much paler. This secondary arc which lies outside the rainbow sky, is the result of a double reflection within the drops of water. This double reflection causes a reversal of colors.
It is possible to create a rainbow in the sky artificial garden. This requires, with a jet of water which distributes fine droplets, turning back to the sun for a glimpse at an angle of 42 °, a rainbow sky. * one can see in this picture personal, a secondary arc much more pale colors are reversed.
© copyright : Astronoo | | 
| | | | | | | The electromagnetic spectrum | | | | |
| | | | | To understand the phenomenon bright rainbow in the sky, it must represent the whole electromagnetic spectrum in which it occurs.
The electromagnetic spectrum includes all ranges of electromagnetic waves A wave is a physical phenomenon that is spreading on the surface of water, air or in a vacuum. The electromagnetic wave is a disturbance of the electromagnetic field that surrounds us. This disturbance moves without distortion and without taking material. It uses the waves to carry information at a distance, its speed maximum spread is 299 792 458 m / s. , from lowest to highest frequency. It extends from gamma rays to waves of low frequencies through X-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves and radio waves.
While the human eye uses a small range of the spectrum, men have cleverly used all its beaches to develop their technologies, nuclear, fluoroscopy, telecommunications, observation satellite, FM radio, the Television...
Visible light is only a small range of electromagnetic vibrations found in the electromagnetic spectrum (see image below-cons).
The different windows of the electromagnetic spectrum are characterized by a wavelength, but also a range of frequencies defined.
Frequency is the number of electromagnetic oscillations that pass a given point in one second. She speaks with the unit of frequency is the hertz.
Over the wavelength is shorter, the frequency is high and therefore dangerous to health. The frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength. These electromagnetic waves, whose vector is the photon, spin speed 299 792 458 m / s, we note, 300 000 km / s.
Note: at this speed, a light beam emitted by the sun takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth. | | Unlike sound waves, which require a material medium to propagate (air, water or matter in general), electromagnetic waves travel better in a vacuum because they are attenuated or deflected by the obstacles, depending on their length of wave and the material encountered.
The man and nature are exposed to radiation since forever. Solar radiation, expose humans to visible light from the sun, but also the invisible rays, ultraviolet and infrared radiation. These rays are electromagnetic waves as are radio waves, X rays and gamma rays.
These are the radioactive elements in our environment, which emit at their nuclear decays, gamma radiation (γ).
These gamma rays are high energy photons with very short wavelength and therefore dangerous. * Decomposition of electromagnetic radiation according to its different frequencies. This radiation extends from gamma rays, waves of low frequencies through X-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves and radio waves.
Ionizing radiation is potentially dangerous, sometimes lethal to living organisms. | | 
| | | | | | | | The world of color | | | | |
| | | | | The colors are primarily a human perception of light is itself an electromagnetic wave. This perception is directly related to our optical system, as are our eyes.
Our eyes have 3 sensors (cones) photosensitive receiving mainly red, green and blue.
From this perception, we have defined the types of colors: primary colors (red, green and blue), complementary colors (magenta, cyan and yellow).
In the rainbow sky, the raindrops, the light break in six colors.
Newton reproduced this phenomenon by decomposing sunlight through a glass prism with a triangular base. Physicist Young said the contrary, he recomposed the white light by converging the six colors of the spectrum and showed that three colors suffice. Thus we distinguish between primary colors, secondary colors.
By mixing equal amounts of two primary colors, you get the secondary colors.
A primary color, fundamental or basic color which is mixed with its counterparts can reproduce a wide range of colors.
A secondary color is a color obtained by mixing two primary colors. The secondary colors are the additive primary colors in subtractive synthesis, and vice versa.
The complement of a secondary color is the third primary color. For example, red obtained by mixing yellow and magenta subtractive synthesis is the complementary color cyan, the third primary color. | |  * mixture of primary colors by addition. | red | FF0000 | green | 00FF00 | blue | 0000FF |
| |  * mixture of secondary colors by subtraction. | magenta | FF00FF | cyan | 00FFFF | yellow | FFFF00 |
| | | | | | | The light spectrum of colors | | | | | | | | | | A color is the perception of the human eye of one or more frequencies of light waves.
The light spectrum is a small window of the electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from a wavelength of 400 nanometers to a wavelength of 780 nanometers.
It is in this area that our eyes detect the light information. The cones are receptor cells located in the fundus of the eyes, which convert the electromagnetic signal of light into electrical signals for daytime vision. | | The night vision is achieved by rods that allow scotopic vision, ie in a low brightness. The rods do not perceive colors and thus the resulting image is in black and white, tinged with gray. * The additive trichromatic we can display all the colors on our computers. | | | color | | wavelength | | infrared | | > à 780 x 10-9 meter | | red | | ~625 à 740 x 10-9 meter | | orange | | ~590 à 625 x 10-9 meter | | yellow | | ~565 à 590 x 10-9 meter | | green | | ~520 à 565 x 10-9 meter | | blue | | ~446 à 520 x 10-9 meter | | purple | | ~380 à 446 x 10-9 meter | | ultraviolet | | < à 380 x 10-9 meter |
| | | | | | | Images relaxing arc-en-ciel | | | | |
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